Snails and slugs are gastropods which are types of mollusks found around the world. While they are closely related, they look quite different. Snails are easily recognized by their prominent external shells, whereas slugs lack a visible shell, giving them a softer, more streamlined appearance.

Identifying these creatures relies on different characteristics. For slugs, key features include body length, color and markings, tail shape, the presence of pores, and whether a keel (a ridge along the back) is present. Snails, on the other hand, are primarily identified by their shells, including traits such as shape, size, and the number of whorls.

Like many invasive species, non-native snails and slugs can pose significant problems. Some species are serious agricultural and horticultural pests, feeding on valuable crops and ornamental plants. Others disrupt native ecosystems by competing with or preying on native gastropods. In some cases, invasive species can also carry parasites or pathogens that impact human and animal health.

Florida has experienced multiple introductions of invasive snails and slugs over the years. One of the most concerning is the Giant African Land Snail (Lissachatina fulica). Not only is this species among the largest land snails in the world, but it is also highly destructive, threatening agriculture, natural ecosystems, and public health.

Giant African Land Snail

Florida has a long history with this pest. The Giant African Land Snail was first detected in the state in the 1960s. Eradication efforts took nearly a decade and cost close to $1 million before the population was eliminated in the early 1970s.

Unfortunately, the snail reappeared in South Florida in 2011. This second eradication effort lasted more than 10 years and cost approximately $23 million before the population was declared eliminated once again.

More recently, in 2022, detections occurred in Pasco County, followed by Lee County later that same year. In 2023, the species was also confirmed in Broward County. These findings triggered rapid response efforts, including quarantines, treatment programs, and extensive public outreach. Eradication efforts are still ongoing as agencies work to remove this pest from Florida.

Early detection is critical in preventing the spread of invasive species like the Giant African Land Snail. If you believe you have spotted one, report it immediately. Call the FDACS Helpline at 1-888-397-1517 or email photos to DPIHelpline@fdacs.gov. Your report can make a difference in protecting Florida’s agriculture, natural resources, and communities.